William b



.tnitrn tstes atrnt @fitta WILLIAM B. POLLOCK. OF HOLYOKE,MASSCHllSE'llrlS,l

Letters Patent No. 68,571, dated September 3, 1867.

IMPROVEMENT IN PAPER-RULING MACHINES.

'ro ALL WHM 1r MAY coNcnnN:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM B. PoLLoeK, of IIolyoke,`in the countyof'Hampden, and Commonwealth of Massachusetts, have invented a new anduseful Improvement in Paper-Ruling Machinery; andvI do hereby declarethat the following is afull, clear, and exact description of the same,reference being had to -the accompanying drawings, making apart of thisspecification, and to the letters of reference marked thereon, whereof--I Figure 1"is a plan, having a small portion shown as broken away at DD.

Figure 21's -a vertical transverse section made by a planepassingthrough F F', fig. 1. Figure 3 is a longitudinal horizontal sectionthrough G G', fig. 2.

Figure 4 is a plan of a clamp fitted with adjustable pens.

Figure 5 is a reverse Yplu-n of the same.

Figure 6 is a vertical transverse section through H Hl, iig, 5.

. The paper-ruling machinery now in use in manufactories of tine paper,and boolebinderies, consists mainly of a system of cylinders and endlesstapes supported in a frame and moved in such manner as to allow thepaper to be ruled to be passed sheet after sheet beneath a clamp filledwith pens, which is attached to the upper part of the frame. A reservoirlled with ink of the color desired is also attached to the machine inthe rear of the clamp, and small strips of cloth or wick are used toconduct the ink from thereservoir to the points of the pens, each penbeing furnished with a strip or wick. The pens in general use are of thekind shown, and are manufactured in cards or combs of a few inches inlength and of different sizes, the term size having reference, however,to the distance of the pens apart and not to their relative ineness ofpoint. The ruling machine is generally constructed of a width sufficientto allow the ruling of two sheets ofpaper at the same time, sothat twocourses of paper are constantly passing side by side beneath the pens.The clamp in which these cards of pens are placed is, in its simplestand usual form, constructed of two strips of hard wood, fastenedtogether face to face by screws. Cards of pens are inserted between thestrips and secured by turning the screws. Apin or shaft projects fromeach end of the ordinary clamp and rests in bearings set at each sideofthe machine. A screw-thread is cut on each shaft, and-a nut with amilled head turns on cach shaft. The bearings being `of such form as toallow the clamp to be moved laterally in them, it is adjusted so as tobring the pens to the desired position over the paper by turning up oneof the nuts and .slackening off the other. It is obvious that with aclamp constructed as described it will be diiiicult to adjust al1 thepens so as to rule both of the courses ofl moving paper correctly, andthat while one course pf pens maybe ruling properly it may be necessaryto loosen the screws in the clamp and change the position of thepens-which are ruling the-other course, and that during this adjustmentthe machine must be stopped, the clamp removed from the bearings, andthat the section of pens which was before ruling correctly may bedisplaced in the operation. This adjustment is especially frequent inruling the side of a sheet of paper, of which the other side has beenalready ruled, in order to make the ruling register, or to make one linedirectly over the other, so that in looking through the sheet toward thelight the lines on the opposite sides of the sheet will coincide inposition, .and appear as one line.

The nature of my invention consists, first, in constructing that portionof the clamp in which the pens are confined in two parts, and givingeach of these parts an independent lateral adjustment, so that eitherpart may be moved laterally, and thus bring the pens contained in itinto any desired position over the paper to be ruled, without stoppingthe maehine'or removing the clamp from its bearings; second, insubstituting, in place of a nut on the shaft at each end of the clamp, asingle'nut at one end only, and -by means of a groove formed in thisnut, which takes in the bearing, controlling the lateral adjustment ofthc whole clamp at one end of the machine; third, in using, instead ofcards of pens, if desired, detached pens, so regulated and moved by alever that the pens can be readily setat such distances apart as to rulein any plain style required, and changed from one style to anotherwithout stopping the machine; fourth, in attaching one or two adjustablecounterpoises to the clamp to cause the pens to press more or lessheavily on the paper to be ruled, or to raise them entirely from thepaper, if required. l

The construction of my invention is as follows: A stripof wood, A, figs.l, 2, and 3, of suitable length to correspond with the width of theruling machine, has a shaft,f, inserted in each end. One of these isscrewed firmly into a seat or nut, o; the other has a screw-thread cutupon it and turns in a nut, o', which is fastened in the strlp A by thepin x'. This revolving shaft is also enlarged at tho end, so as to formthe milled head f', and a groove, m, is turned in the enlarged partinside of the milled portion. The bearing which supports the strip A onthe machine is of suiiicient thickness to fill the width of thisgroove'itr ythe shaft, and therefore will prevent the shaft from movinglaterally .in the bearing. Consequently, if the shaft is turned by meansof the milled head upon it, the clamp will be drawn towardy the bearingor moved away from it by the'aeticn of the screw-thread k and nut o',and the operator can control the motion of thestrip A and remain at oneside of the machine. A groove, D, is eut in one side of A, extendingfrom end to end. Atthe middle point of the length of this groove is seta metal bearing, z, which is fastened to A by the ,screws z' z'. Thisstrip A, so supported on the sh'aftsff, is not designed to be removedfrom the machine, but is intended to receive and support the clamps nowtb be described. These clamps I construct of two kinds, one for usingthe common cards or combs of pens, 'gs. 1 and 2, and another for usingdetached and adjustable penshfigs. 4, 5, and 6. The first-named clamp isconstructed of two pieces of wood, B B', fastened together face to faceby common wood-screws c. The screws are loosened and the cards of pensare inserted between the stripsB B' in number sufficient to form acontinuous row of pens along the clamp. A shallow groove is cut in B andin B', as shown at b', to facilitate the setting of the cards of pens.The strips B B' are then drawn togetherby turning the screws c, and theclamp is ready to be applied to A. As this supporting strip A has alateral movement in its bearings it is also desirable that each of theclamps contained init should have an independent lateral motion toadjust the pens in each clamp to the course of paper which is passingunder it. Each clamp, therefore, has upon `the back side a projection,D', which enters the groove D in A and slides in it. To this projectionD a nut, g, is fastened, and a rod, e, having a screw-thread cut uponit, passes through 'this nut and turns in it. At its inner end the rod erests in the before-mentioned metal bearing h, which is setin thes'tripA. Near its outer end this rod is turned down, or necked down, and thissmaller part turns in a metal bearing, fn, which is fastened in A by thepin .'p, which can be readily removed. This rod e is turned Aby means ofa milled head, CZ, at its outer end, which I denominate' aregister-wheel. As the rod c cannot move laterally on account of thesaid smaller part being confined in the bearing n, it is evident thatwhen the rod -is turned by means of the register-wheel the clamp B will,by the action of the screw-thread cut on the rod e in the nut g, bemoved to or from the registerwheel. The two clamps, which are supportedin A, are constructed alike, except that the position of the rod e andits adjuncts, as shown attached to B, are reversed upon the clamp C, sothat one clamp can be adjusted at one side ofthe machine and the otherclamp at the opposite side. The construction ofthe clamp for detachedpens, figs. 4,..5, and 6, is more complicated, and is as follows: \A.piece of wood, A', has a projection, D', and a nut, g, upon its rearedge, of the same form as in the clamps B and C already described,andthe lateral movement of it is effected inprecisely the same-manner as inthe simple clamps B and C. An end piece of metal, nl n, is attached toeach end of A', and a round rod, w, is supported by these end piecesbeneath-A'. On this rod 2v the pen-holders al a2 a3 a4 a5 slide, eachpen-holder having a round hole through it. These pen-holders areconstructed of two pieces of metal, of which the upper is secured to thelower and larger piece by the screw c'. The pens a are firmly securedbetween these two pieces of the pen-holder at byturning the screw c. Thepen-holders are connected, by means of rods P1112 p3 p4 p5, with a.lever, p, said rods being attached to the lever by the pins t, and withthe pen-'holders by the pins t'. The fulerum of this lever is theset-screw q, which, if turned up, also serves to confine the lever inany position. The set-screw qturns in arec'tangular piece of brass orother metal, r, through which is a round hole. The rod w passes throughthis hole, Aand the block r slides upon the rod w in like manner as thepen-holders. By sliding the block r along the rod 'w the whole system ofpen-holders, with the lever and connecting-rods, may be moved to or fromthe end of' the clamp. A set-screw, s, turning'in the block r andagainst the rod w, serves to confine the block in any position on therod. After the p'eneholders have been brought to the desired position outhe rod by moving the lever p, if the set-.screws s and Q lare turned uptightly, but little movement of the pen-holders on the rod w ispossible. To avoid, however, any possible variation in the positionofthe pen-holders an additional safeguard is attached to the clamp. Thisconsists of a strip of metal, u', having a round projection on one end.A'scrcw-thlead is cut upon this projection, and a round nut, u, withmilled edge, turns upon it. Two oblique slots are cut inthis strip ofmetal, and screws, v e, passing through the slots, secure the strip tothe wood A. Asthcse slots are cut obliquely the strip u', if drawntoward the end n2 of the clamp by turning the round nut u on the end ofit, will also move in the line of the oblque'slots and will act as awedge, pressing against the pen-holdc`rs and still further coniiningthem in'any position desired. The counterpoise, figs. 1 and 2, consistsof a bont strip of metal, y, Ysecured to A by a screw, Z. A hole in theweight y' serves to hang the weight on the strip y. The weight is movedto and fro on the strip y to produce more or less pressure of the pensupon the paper beneath, If, after moving the weighty' inward as far aspossible, there is still too much pressure the stripg/ may be turned'soas to occupy the position shown by the red lines, and the weight y'moved along it, as in the former position of y, or the strip y may beturned in the direction of the bearings of the strip of wood A, if notneeded.

The operation of my invention is as follows: In using the clamps B andC, (for cardsof pens,) fig. 1, two clamps containing the proper size ofpens are selected from the stock of clamps, which may advantageously belarge enough to contain a pair of clamps for each style of ruling, or ifthe pens are to be inserted in the clamps at the time of using themsuitable cards are selected, the screws in the clamps loosened', thecards inserted, and secured in the clamp by turning up the screws. Therod e is then passed through the nut g and the clamp is ready to beattached to A, which is supposed to remain on the machine. Theprojection D' is inserted in the groove in A, and the clamp is movedalong the groove until thc rod e enters the bearing h. 'lhc block n isthen inserted in its place in the end of A, thepin .1: inserted, and theclamp is securely fastened upon A, and can be moved laterally along thefront edge of A by turning the register-wheel d. The manner in which thelateral movement of the strip A itself is controlled by turning themilled headf' has already been described. 1

It', however, the location of the ruling machine should make itnecessary to control the movement of A from that side of the machineopposite to theside herein shown it is obvious that the shaftsff may beinterchanged so as to bring the milled headf at the other side of themachine. In operating the clamps for using detached vpens the number ofpen-holders upon the rod w will vary with the width of the machine, andthe style of work for which the ruling machine is to be used. Doublepens, or pens making two lines near together, may be inserted in one ormore ofthe pen-holders in place of the single ones shown in thedrawings. When the style of ruling in any case is decided, the operatorloosens the set-screws s, q, and u and slides the block r along the rodw until the pens are over or nearly over the course of paper to beruled. The set-screwsis then tightened and the leverp moved until thepens stand at the proper distance apart. From the manner in which theconnectingrods p1 p2 p3 p* p5 are' attached to the lever p, so thatthe'successivc distances of tin 295, t in pf, &c., from the fulcrum gconstantly increase by a common difference, it is evident that .thepen-holders will always remain at equal distances apart. When the properposition of the pens has been obtained the set-screw q is tightened, thenut u turned up, and the clamp applied Ato-A in thesarne manner as theclamps B and C already shown. All the described adjustment of thepenswmayho\vever, be performed after the clamp is attached to A. Two ofthese last-mentioned clamps may beused upon A, or one may be used irrconnection with one of the simple clamps B or C. Any parts of myinvention shown as constructed of wood may, if desired, be constructedoi suitable metal. l

What I therefore claim in the premises, and desire to secure by LettersPatent, is

1.'The combination of the middle bearing z, end bearings n n, and rod e,with the strip A, substantially as described.

2. The simple clamp B or C, constructed described, with the projectionD', in combination with the nut g, bearing n, rod e, and itsregister-wheel d. I

3. The clamp for using detached pens, when constructed and operatingsubstantially as described.

4. The combination of two simple clamps, or of two clamps for usingdetached pens, or of'one clamp of each kind, with the strip A, the wholeand each part thereof` constructed and operating substantially asdescribed. i

5. The Vuse, in a paper-ruling machine, of two clamps or series of pens,each clamp or series having an independent lateral adjustment, incombina-tion with a supporting strip.

WILLIAM B. POLLOGKK. Witnesses J. P. BUCKLAND, ALVIN WHITE.

